Eviction Documents for Tenants in Spain
If you are a tenant in Spain facing an eviction for nonpayment or contract termination, knowing which documents to bring on the day of the enforcement can make a difference. This guide explains clearly and practically which papers the court and the executing party usually request: lease agreement, payment receipts, written communications, identification and any proof of agreements with the landlord. It also details how to organize evidence, procedural deadlines and whom to contact for help. It is written for people without legal training, with concrete steps to prepare your defense or negotiate alternatives. Keep copies and record dates to protect your rights.
Documents to bring
- Signed lease agreement and relevant annexes.
- Rent receipts and payment proofs showing prior payments.
- Notices, burofax and written communications with the landlord.
- Identification documents (DNI, NIE or passport) of the persons involved.
- Photos or an inventory of the property condition and relevant messages as evidence.
How to organize evidence and deadlines
Before the day of enforcement, sort documents by date and type. Create a folder with lease, receipts and communications and a chronological log with dates and times. If you have proof of payment offers or verbal agreements, include emails or messages that confirm them.
- Note procedural deadlines and the enforcement date notified by the court.
- Contact advisory services or lawyers if you cannot resolve the matter with the landlord.
- Prepare a list of witnesses and physical evidence to present in court.
What happens on enforcement day
The enforcement is the execution of the judicial decision ordering the vacating of the property. In practice, the court enforcement officers will attend, with police support if appropriate; the official record they draw up is the procedure's formal document. Bring your documents and, if possible, a copy of the enforcement order and the case file.[1]
If alternatives exist (payment agreements, mediation or requests for suspension), discuss them with your lawyer or advisory service before enforcement. In some cases it is possible to request measures or more time, but these require filing with the competent court.[2]
Frequently asked questions
- Can I stop the eviction by bringing documents?
- Documents do not guarantee an automatic suspension, but they can prove payments, agreements or incidents that may change the situation or support appeals.
- What if I do not have payment receipts?
- Try to gather any alternative proof: bank transfers, statements, messages or witnesses that corroborate payments or agreements.
- Should I be present on enforcement day?
- If you can, attend with your documents; being present helps to manage the handover of keys and clarify doubts with enforcement officers or legal representatives.
How to (step-by-step)
- Gather lease, receipts, communications and photos in an organized folder.
- Check the enforcement date and deadlines to file appeals or requests with the court.
- Contact advisory services, lawyers or local assistance for guidance.
- Attend the location on the indicated day with all documentation and request a copy of the enforcement record.
Key takeaways
- Keep a clear chronological record of payments and communications.
- Bring identification and copies of the lease on enforcement day.
- Seek legal advice early if you have doubts about deadlines or appeals.
Help and support / Resources
- BOE: consult legislation and consolidated texts.
- Poder Judicial: information and procedures related to enforcements.
- Ministry of Justice: civil procedure resources and guidance.
