Documents to Challenge an Eviction in Spain
If you are a tenant in Spain facing an eviction for non-payment or for end of contract, knowing which documents to submit to challenge the procedure can make a difference. This guide clearly explains which supporting documents are most relevant —rent receipts, contracts, communications with the landlord and proof of payment— and how to organize them for the Court of First Instance. We also cover key deadlines, sample evidence and options if some papers are missing. The goal is for you to understand step by step how to demonstrate compliance or negotiate alternatives without losing rights, using plain language and practical examples adapted to common tenant situations in Spain.
As a legal basis, Law 29/1994 on Urban Leases regulates the rights and obligations of tenants and landlords.[1] In eviction proceedings for non-payment or end of contract, the Court of First Instance processes the claim and the evidence.[2]
Key documents to challenge the eviction
- Rent receipts and payment proofs (rent, payment).
- Signed lease agreement and attachments (contract, form).
- Communications and formal notices with the landlord (notice, form).
- Bank proofs of transfers or issued receipts (payment, receipt).
- Inventory, photographs and records of the property condition (record, photo).
- Proofs of repairs or maintenance requests (repair).
Keep all receipts organized and stored safely.
Each document should include a short chronological note: date, reason and, if applicable, people involved. If receipts are missing, bank statements, transfers or emails can replace them. In many cases, a summary sheet that groups dates and amounts helps the judge understand the context quickly.
How to present and organize evidence
Arrange copies in order and a folder with originals to submit to the Court. Clearly indicate which document proves each fact: payments, negotiations with the landlord or communications about repairs. If you received a formal notice, always attach it. If possible, identify witnesses and collect messages or emails that confirm agreements or impediments.
Documenting exact dates and keeping originals increases confidence in the procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What documents are essential to challenge an eviction?
- Rent receipts or payment proofs, the lease agreement, communications with the landlord and any evidence that shows compliance or prior agreements.
- If I do not have all the receipts, can I still challenge the eviction?
- Yes. Bank statements, transfers, emails or witnesses can replace missing receipts, provided they show the reality of the payments.
- Should I present the originals to the Court?
- Bring copies and, if possible, the originals to show the Court when requested; also check applicable procedural deadlines.
How to do it
- Gather all documents: receipts, contracts, communications and photographs.
- Order them chronologically and note key dates and deadlines (deadline).
- Prepare a written summary explaining each piece of evidence and its relation to the facts.
- Submit the copies to the Court of First Instance or file them in the proceeding through your legal representative.
- Attend the hearing or process follow-up and provide originals if requested.
In many cases, the organization and clarity of evidence facilitate out-of-court agreements.
Help and resources
- BOE - Law 29/1994 on Urban Leases (LAU)
- Ministry of Justice - procedures and forms
- Poder Judicial - procedural information
