Documents for Tenant Protections in Spain
If you are a tenant in Spain and you are worried about an eviction for non-payment or contract termination, gathering the right documents can make a difference. This article clearly explains which papers to collect —lease, rent receipts, communications with the landlord, social services reports and evidence of vulnerability— and when to present them to the court or in mediation. It also describes how to organize evidence, which deadlines apply and what steps to take to request special protection measures. You do not need to be a lawyer: you will find practical steps, advice on documentation and official resources to seek help in Spain. Follow these guidelines to present your case in an orderly and secure way.
Key documents
- Complete lease agreement or a copy signed by the landlord.
- Rent payment receipts and bank statements showing payments or missed payments.
- Written communications between tenant and landlord (emails, registered letters, messages).
- Reports or certificates from social services that prove vulnerability.
- Identity document and, if applicable, proof of registration (empadronamiento).
Deadlines and filing
If an eviction procedure is started for non-payment or contract end, there are deadlines to submit evidence and request measures; the Urban Leases Act and procedural rules determine when documents must be filed.[1] [2]
- Gather and organize evidence as soon as you receive a notice or before the hearing.
- Submit opposition writings or request mediation within the deadlines indicated in the notification.
What to file at court
- Clear list of documents: lease, receipts, communications and any reports proving vulnerability.
- Opposition writing, request for precautionary measures or forms indicated by the court.
- If you request urgent measures, provide medical or social certificates explaining the harm.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Which documents prove a rent non-payment?
- Lease agreement, receipts and bank statements, plus communications with the landlord showing the payment request. [1]
- How to prove vulnerability to request special protection?
- Social services reports, medical certificates and documents showing low income or dependency.
- Can I request urgent measures to stop the eviction?
- Yes; you can request precautionary measures by providing evidence that demonstrates serious harm or a vulnerability situation. [2]
How to request special protection
- Collect all relevant documents and arrange them chronologically.
- Contact social services or advisory services to obtain reports and support.
- File the opposition writing or request for measures at the Court of First Instance, or through a lawyer/procurator if required.
- Attend the hearing with organized copies and clearly explain your situation to the judge or mediator.
Key takeaways
- Keep a file with leases, receipts and communications.
- Act quickly when you receive a notification.
- Seek official help from social services or legal advice.
Help and Resources
- Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos (LAU)
- Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil (procedimiento de desahucio)
- Ministry of Justice - Information for citizens
