Leaks and Damp: Tenant Guide for Spain
If you are a tenant in Spain and notice leaks, damp or mold in your home, this article explains practical steps to protect your health and your rights. You will see how to document damage, inform the landlord, request repairs and understand basic deadlines and legal obligations. We also cover what evidence to gather, when to make a formal claim and how to act if there is no response. The guide uses clear language so you can make informed decisions without being a legal expert. It includes action templates, safety tips and references to the rules that regulate habitability in Spain. We also indicate how to file a complaint with the court if appropriate.
What causes leaks and damp?
Leaks usually come from pipes, downspouts, roofs or deteriorated seals, while condensation-related damp is linked to insufficient ventilation or temperature changes. In any case, the presence of damp can affect the habitability of the dwelling and the tenant's rights under applicable law.[1]
What can the tenant do
Acting quickly and orderly increases the chances of a solution. Start by documenting and communicating the problem clearly and in writing.
- Document the damage with photos and dates, and keep related receipts or communications.
- Inform the landlord in writing and request a deadline for repair.
- Request urgent repairs when there is a health or safety risk.
- Contact emergency services or technical assistance if there is an imminent risk (e.g., electrical shorts due to water).
- Keep a written record of all dealings and the landlord's responses.
If the landlord does not act
If the landlord does not repair within a reasonable time you can demand formal intervention: certified notice, administrative claim or a lawsuit before the Court of First Instance as appropriate.[2]
Useful evidence and documentation
The quality of your evidence is key. Include dated photos, technical reports if possible, and written communications with the landlord.
- Photos and videos showing the evolution and extent of the damage.
- Emails, certified mail or messages informing the landlord.
- Estimates or invoices from technicians if you had to arrange urgent repairs.
Preguntas frecuentes
- ¿Quién debe pagar las reparaciones por filtraciones?
- Depende del origen: si la avería proviene de la estructura o instalaciones generales suele ser responsabilidad del propietario; si es por mal uso, del inquilino.
- ¿Puedo descontar el coste de la reparación del alquiler?
- No es recomendable descontar sin acuerdo o resolución previa; lo adecuado es documentar y reclamar por escrito o acudir a vías legales.
- ¿Qué plazos tengo para reclamar?
- Actúa cuanto antes y respeta los plazos procesales si llega a juicio; la normativa y la práctica judicial fijan plazos distintos según el procedimiento.
How to
- Document the damage with photos, videos and dated notes.
- Notify the landlord in writing requesting repair and giving a reasonable deadline.
- If necessary, request technical intervention and keep estimates or invoices.
- If there is no response, file an administrative or judicial claim as appropriate.
Key takeaways
- Act quickly to document and report to protect health and the home.
- Keep clear records of evidence and communications for any claim.
- Seek advice and use legal channels if the landlord fails to act.
Help and support / Resources
- BOE - Consolidated text of the LAU
- Ministry of Justice - Citizen information
- Poder Judicial - Procedural information
