Court notices: documents for tenants in Spain
As a tenant in Spain, receiving a court notice can cause uncertainty and urgency. It is important to know which documents are needed, how to keep them and how to file them with the Court of First Instance to defend your rights. This practical guide explains, in clear language, the most useful pieces of evidence (rental contract, receipts, communications and photos), the deadlines you must respect and the basic steps to respond or request extensions. We also indicate how to organize copies, who can serve notifications and when it is necessary to seek legal advice or municipal assistance. If you act calmly and follow these steps, you increase your chances of resolving the process without surprises.
What documents to gather?
- Signed rental contract (form).
- Receipts and proof of rent and deposit payments (payment).
- Written communications: emails, burofax and screenshots of messages (notice).
- Photos and videos that show the condition of the property (evidence).
- Repair orders, estimates and service invoices (repair).
- ID (DNI/NIE) and proof of residence or registration (document).
How to prepare the response and deadlines
Check the notice carefully: it must indicate the Court and the deadline to respond; if in doubt, request the case file and verify dates with the Court of First Instance[2]. Consult the applicable rules, such as the Urban Leases Act when relevant[1], but avoid assuming deadlines without confirming the served document.
Evidence and filing with the court
Attach an ordered copy of the most relevant documents: contract, receipts, communications and dated photographs. If you file paper documents, bring several copies for the Court and for the other party if appropriate. Keep acknowledgments of receipt and any filing proof. If you file electronically, save send receipts and PDF confirmations.
FAQ
- What if I cannot find the original contract?
- Submit copies and any alternative proof: payment receipts, messages between the parties and witness statements. Explain in your submission why you do not have the original.
- How long do I have to respond to a claim?
- The notice usually indicates a deadline; check the served document and act within the stated time. If unsure, contact the Court to confirm deadlines.
- Do I need a lawyer and court representative?
- It depends on the procedure and the amount; in many cases it is advisable to have advice to prepare the response and claims.
- Where do I file copies?
- At the Court named in the notice (normally the Court of First Instance indicated in the document).
How to
- Gather all the documents identified in the previous section.
- Check the deadlines in the notice and note them on a calendar.
- Scan and save copies in the cloud and on a local drive.
- Prepare a response or seek guidance from tenant defense services.
- File the copies at the Court or electronically as indicated in the notice.
- If you need help, contact municipal housing services or a specialised lawyer.
Help and resources
- [1] BOE - Consolidated text: Urban Leases Act
- [2] Ministry of Justice - Information for citizens
- [3] Judiciary - Information and procedures
